10 Factors That Led to the Syrian Uprising

The Theory Of Social Science - 936 Words

Luckily for the individual, other theoretical traditions disagree with this idea that it is the society or market that gives human existence meaning but instead the individual’s being and actions that form the basis for understanding society. To these existentialists, individuals are not merely products of structure as many theorists before determined; each person is made with his or her own thoughts, emotions, and distinguishing experiences that embody that individual’s ability to shape social life and the existing world. There is a more fundamental basis to understanding social science than accepting a macro-social order of human nature as the disconnect of social sciences previous to the rise of existentialism reduces these personal experiences. How a person understands and recognizes the world does not fall passively to norms or values as a structural functionalist would believe nor the surrounding economic system as Marxists recognized. Instead, it is the continual interaction in a social environment that causes the agent to actively evaluate and execute his or her own response. By taking on the assumption that each person has the ability to exert agency over his or her own life, theorists applied this knowledge as a method to call people to action. If individuals are not simply cogs in a social system incapable of making decisions free of outside influence, then each now has an acute responsibility, a personal freedom from stagnation. No longer bound by absolutes yetShow MoreRelatedApplying Social Science Theories in Research679 Words   |  3 PagesTheories in the social sciences are usually created like theories in the hard sciences first by observation and empirical testing and then by drawing educated conclusions. After a series of empirical tests have been conducted and a sufficient body of research has been gathered, it may be possible to devise a theory based on the research. Alternatively, a social scientist might come up with the t heory first and then go about observing the world through this theoretical lens. From there, the socialRead MoreCumulative Inequality Theory And Social Science1166 Words   |  5 Pagesal. (2009) developed cumulative inequality theory by integrating various theories in a systematic way incorporating elements of both macro and micro sociological content. In order to clarify the meaning of cumulative inequality theory, Ferraro et al., (2009) offered many inter-related axioms- and propositions that aided in the further development of the theory. While developing the theory, the authors critiqued the cumulative advantage/disadvantage theory and provided their rationale for why theyRead MoreRational Choice Theory : Theories Of Political, Social, And Economic Sciences1467 Words   |  6 PagesFor nearly half a century rational choice theory (RCT) has dominated analyses of political, social, and economic sciences. Due to the theory’s objectivity and systematic predictability, rati onal choice is able to provide a comforting procedure to studying the decision-making process. However to truly gauge how and why actors make decisions, a more diversified and complex degree of emotions and behaviors must also be analyzed. Despite our efforts to prove the contrary, actors are human, thereforeRead MoreSimmels versus Du Boiss Theories in the Social Sciences1254 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence on imperative theories and concepts developed in the area of social sciences. Two of the most significant and distinguished concepts fostered by both of these theorists are the concepts of â€Å"double consciousness† and â€Å"the stranger†. In this essay, I will be analyzing each of these works to draw upon differences and similarities concerning the two. The resemblances I will be expanding on are the usage of the paradoxical figure, which both theorists discuss in their theories, and the coexistingRead MoreNotes On Blaise Pascal s Theory Of The Classical Probl em Of Modern Economics, Social Science, And Pascal2312 Words   |  10 Pageson the development of modern economics, social science, and Pascal’s Theorem. Blaise Pascal is best known for his correspondence of 1654 with Fermat, which originated the theory of probability. He was also the author of ‘Traite du triangle arithmetique avec quelques autres petits traites sur lameme matiere’ written in 1654. He included in his treatise separate tracts describing the use of the Pascal’s triangle in the theory of figurate numbers, the theory of combinations, the solution of the classicalRead MoreEssay on Political Science864 Words   |  4 Pagesof Political Science being an actual science. 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Donald Moon and Fritz Machlup are just a few individuals who have primarily discussed the distinction between natural and social sciences. These discussions led to the question ofRead MoreScience Throughout the Ages912 Words   |  4 PagesThe term Science comes from the Latin word scientia, meaning knowledge. The definition of science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in t he form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. An older term of science refers to a body of knowledge itself, of anything that can be successfully applied to a situation. Someone who practices science is known as a scientist. Modern science has been traced back to the early modern period and in particular to theRead MoreScientific Method and Sir Karl Popper1407 Words   |  6 Pagesponder on the meaning of science, the methods to find truth, is one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. Of particular importance to scientific methods of inquiry is the brawl between the development of theory and the criteria for science. In Popper’s own words, it is in this brawl that Popper decided to â€Å"grapple with the problem: When should a theory be ranked as scientific? or Is there a criterion for the scientific character or status of a theory?† (Popper 1957), p. 1). Read MoreEmile Durkheim: the Division of Labor1152 Words   |  5 P agessociology as a science. He believed that every social structure existed only because it satisfied a specific social need. Additionally, it was Durkheim’s desire to delineate how sociology would be used and considered and to give it the tools of scientific methodology (Vissing, 2011). To integrate the tools of science with the theory of functionalism Durkheim examined how social structures integrated with social living. It was not until after Durkheim examined the interactions within the social structures

Affirmative Action Curbed in California Essay Example For Students

Affirmative Action Curbed in California Essay By William ClaiborneWashington Post Staff WriterFriday, June 2, 1995; Page A01LOS ANGELES, JUNE 1 California Gov. Pete Wilson (R), vowing to lead a growing conservative movement to end three decades of racial and gender preferences as an antidote to discrimination, today signed an executive order abolishing a wide range of affirmative action programs affecting hiring and contracting in state agencies. Wilson, who is seeking the Republican presidential nomination, eliminated or sharply cut back scores of affirmative action policies or programs that are not mandated by state or federal laws or that exceed those laws. He also abolished 118 boards and commissions created to advise state agencies on ethnic and gender diversity issues. Although he has no direct authority to order policy changes for public schools, colleges and universities, Wilson told his appointees on state educational governing boards that he wants them to dismantle race and gender preference programs that are not required by law. As mayor of San Diego in the 1970s, Wilson championed affirmative action, adopting a plan to increase the hiring of minority workers and requiring major city contractors to adopt similar programs. But opposition to affirmative action has become a common theme of the Republican presidential candidates and many Republicans in Congress. Flanked today by a group of Forestry Department firefighters from various minorities, who the governors aides said symbolize Californians who resent a public perception that they were hired on the basis of preferential treatment, Wilson said affirmative action is not only unfair, it stigmatizes the achievements of those it was intended to help. His order repeals affirmative action orders signed by three previous governors, including Republicans Ronald Reagan and George Deukmejian. In a statement released earlier, Wilson said great societal guilt had stimulated the creation of affirmative action programs in the 1960s and would undermine the very foundation of the American dream if hiring and contract programs based on race and gender preference were not rolled back. Wilson blamed the misfired good intentions of leaders dating back to John F. Kennedy for programs he said unfairly discriminated against certain ethnic groups to compensate others for past injustices. The Republican governor said he would aggressively pursue further cutbacks in preferential treatment for minorities and women in order to assure a new era of meritocracy. This executive order is an historic step forward. By itself, it doesnt complete the change we must make. Special preferences remain embedded in state and federal law. I vow to fight for changes in those laws, Wilson said. Sean Walsh, the governors press secretary, said Wilson is the first governor to roll back affirmative action programs. He said the order would affect all of the states approximately 150,000 full-time job positions. According to the California State Employees Association, about 60 percent of the state government work force is white, 16 percent Hispanic, 12 percent black, 6 percent are Asian and the remaining 6 percent from other groups. Wilsons action appeared designed to capitalize on public dissatisfaction with minority preference programs and on a backlash against what is characterized as reverse discrimination, while at the same time setting him apart from the eight other contenders for the GOP presidential nomination, none of whom are sitting governors. It comes a day after senior White House officials said President Clinton is still weeks or even months away from completing a review he has ordered of federal affirmative action programs. Wilson already had announced his support of a proposed 1996 state ballot initiative that would go further than todays order by abolishing affirmative action in all state hiring, contracting and university admissions practices. At least six other states Washington, Florida, Illinois, Oregon, Colorado and Nevada have similar ballot initiative campaigns in the works. Critics accused Wilson of flip-flopping on the issue in hopes of helping a presidential campaign that has been hampered by his slow recovery from his throat operation his remarks today were read out by a member of his cabinet and a sluggish fund-raising effort. He wants to be the voice of the angry white males, said Ramona Ripston, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California. .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075 , .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075 .postImageUrl , .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075 , .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075:hover , .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075:visited , .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075:active { border:0!important; } .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075:active , .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075 .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4c7cd096bc62450cac6e934d25c6d075:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Hippopotamus: Endangered Species Report Essay She noted that Wilsons come-from-behind reelection last year was boosted by his vociferous support for Proposition 187, the ballot initiative aimed at cutting off social services for illegal immigrants, another popular backlash measure. The Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, in a statement, called Wilsons order a desperate effort to recover his bid for the presidency by further polarizing Californians. MALDEF said Wilsons action was as noble as previous governors attempts to keep African Americans out of public schools in the South. Affirmative action orders signed by three previous governors Deukmejian, Edmund G. Jerry Brown Jr. (D) and Reagan were repealed by Wilson, who said they had encouraged the gradual development of racial and gender-based preferences and set asides. Among the agencies affected by Wilsons order is the state transportation department, Caltrans, which is required by agreement with the federal government to allocate 20 percent of its contracting funds to minority-owned firms. Wilson ordered Caltrans to negotiate a new agreement lowering that goal to 10 percent. He also ordered Caltrans to abolish an informal policy of awarding small purchase contracts of $500 or less to women or minority-owned firms and to make such decisions based on non-preferential competitive pricing. The governor ordered the Department of Forestry, which has a 50 percent goal for the hiring of women and minorities as seasonal firefighters, to eliminate that program and hire on the basis of merit. He eliminated a requirement that the racial and gender ratio on job interview panels for civil service and career executive positions mirror that of the population as a whole, and directed the Department of Water Resources to end its practice of setting aside two-thirds of all student intern openings for minority candidates. Words/ Pages : 980 / 24

The Modern Prometheus free essay sample

A modern day Prometheus is somebody that defies the Gods and does something that only they can do. Victor Frankenstein, from Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, is considered to be a modern day Prometheus at that time. Prometheus, a Titan, was the first person that started this modern day Prometheus. Mary Shelley tried to make Prometheus and Dr. Frankenstein to be very similar of what their actions. Prometheus was the son of Iapetus. His name meant forethought because he ad the power to tell the future so therefore, he was the wisest of all the Titans. Prometheus was also a friend to Zeus because he helped Zeus fight and defeat Cronus even though most of the Titans were with Cronus. Prometheus and his brother Epimetheus were told to create man. Because Prometheus helped make man, he cared for them. He was known as the protector and benifactor of man. The wise Titan would gift man something that the Gods of Mt. We will write a custom essay sample on The Modern Prometheus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Olympus tended to keep for themselves only: fire. The Gods were very furious about how Prometheus stole fire from the Gods. He was given a cruel punishment. He was hained to a rock with an eagle tearing at his liver. Zeus tended for Prometheus to be left on the rock for all of eternity or until he agreed to disclose to Zeus which of Zeuss children would try to replace his position. In the end, Hercules ends up rescuing Prometheus and he did not even give in to Zeus. This is how being a Prometheus began. These kinds of people defy the Gods, yet they are always punished for doing that. Prometheus stole fire and gave to man, but as punishment, his liver was being ripped off every day by an eagle. Victor Frankenstein did something that most people thought only Gods can do: create life. He made life, a thing only Gods can do. Victor hoped that when he created his son, he would love the creature dearly. Instead, as punishment for defying the Gods, Victor was filled with hatred and disgust of the monster. Because Victor created life and did something that only Gods can do, Mary Shelley subtitled Frankenstein The Modern Prometheus. Mary Shelleys purpose in the subtitle of her book, Frankenstein was to compare the two people: Prometheus and Victor Frankenstein. She showed many similarities between Victor and the Titan. She had many solid reasoning that Frankenstein is in a lot of ways the modern Prometheus at that time. Dr. Frankenstein and Prometheus both made a problem that neither characters were able to control. This teaches the two people to never mess with the laws of nature. It took punishments and time for both characters to realize what they had done was seriously wrong. People that do something that most people consider only gods to do are known as a Prometheus. Victor from Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus is considered to be a person that defied the gods. The tirst person to ever be a Prometheus was a Titan that had a name of Prometheus. Mary Shelley intended for Victor to be that and she succeeded for what was to be achieved.