Selection and Decision Making in Recruitment Essay Example for Free

Selection and Decision Making in Recruitment leavenFor this assignment I am required to produce an information leaflet, for a newly appointed theater selector, which will describe how to plan for effective selection converses in order to appoint the perfect individual/s for the job. My chosen organisation is Tesco who conduct different selection processes for different jobs I will be concentrating on the floor theater director of a Tesco store.Newly appointed floor managers for my chosen organisation Tesco will have to plan ahead, communicate effectively and make wrangle selection and decision making. One of the main things the manager has to do onward the selection process even starts is prior planning, below is what the manager has to do before the interview takes place The manager of Tesco has to plan prior to the interview he/she has to select the interview control board. The manager of Tesco goat select a supervisor and executive manager for the panel as these peop le are already working within the store and the manager doesnt have to go and get other merciful resources from headquarters which waste valuable time. Having a interview panel is effective as it makes sure contrast against the applicant/s doesnt happen and similarly the panel can check if the level of techniques much(prenominal) as communicational skills are utilise throughout all the interviews, it makes sure standards dont slip. Types of interview The manager has to decide what class of interview he/she will have to under take, tump overing in this case the manager is a Tescofloor manager he/she should only consider group interviews if employing cater on a large scale such as floor staff, (shelf stackers, costumer service assistance etc) this will save time as large number of applicants are interviews quicker, however, having group interview means non all skills of an individual may be known to the manager but this does not enumerate as much as these applicants are onl y floor staff.Also one-to-one interviews should be considered because these interviews discover a lot about the applicant as it is only one person and not a group, a one-to-one interview is suitable for a higher ranking job such as assistant manager as more than skills are required compared to a shelf stacker. Tescos do not need toconduct any other types of interviews such as telephone interviews because it is not suitable for the job they advertise.The amount of stages in the interview has to be considered, for Tesco the manager has a choice between singular stage or multiple staged interviews, it is suitable to have a multiple staged interview which Tesco currently do than a one staged interview, more stages means the applicant goes through intense testing and interviews meaning he/she is more likely to be suitable for the job. Doing a singular staged interview doesnt find out all the skills of a person and the wrong person may be selected for the job and also that person may pe rform magnanimous on that one interview, whereas, having more than one stage means the performance can be averaged which is more fair. However, the more stages in interviews the more time, so, the manager has to consider time as it will take more time for multiple staged interviews.Other selection methods will have to be considered, Tesco currently concentrate Psychometric Tests which measure the sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality of the applicant, this should be undertaken by the floor manager of Tescos as most of the staff will need good personality, memory etc for their job as they will be working with costumers. There are also multiple choice questions which are a series of question and usually four possible answers where one answer is correct, this usually finds out the technical companionship of the applicant of the job.Finally, the manager must consider during the planning equal opportunities, he/she will have to undertake measures to make sur e each applicant is enured equally and not discriminated having an interview panel solves this problem as there is more than one person conducting the interview and less chance of discriminations. Also, a memorialize recorder can be used so if the applicant protests to the way he/she was treated, the tape can be used as evidence.Communicational SkillsThe manager has to consider his/hers/interviewers communicational skills this is a vital role in an interview as it can make the applicant reject thejob due to improper language used. Firstly, the manager has to decide whether to use effective, inefficient or a combination of both questions because asking too many ineffective questions may gage the applicant, whereas, having too many effective questions may make the applicant feel uncomfortable, so, I would recommend to use a combination of both effective and ineffective question so the applicant is neither bored or uncomfortable throughout the interview.As the floor manager will b e looking for legitimate skills from his potential employees, asking various types questions would be ideal to find out the skills, this is an indirect way of knowing the applicants skills and is another way to check the applicant is not lying about his/her skills, a direct way of finding out about the skills is to look at the applicants CV, ask previous employer and/or ask direct questions to the applicant. I would recommend the manager to use various types of questions, below is what the manager should use or tell the interviewer to use during the interview itself Open questions These are questions without a particular answer and makes the applicant feel less under pressure as its an indirect question, an example of an open question is Why do you loss the job? or How do you handle stress?, the advantage of utilise these types of questions is that it lets the interviewer know the creative side of the applicant and is a way not making the applicant uncomfortable. Closed question s These are basically yes or no questions. They are precise direct and I wouldnt recommend the manager to make use of these very much as they make the applicant feel uncomfortable, however, they do find out the relevant information and an example of a closed question is Do you have a criminal record? or Can you work in a group?. Hypothetical/ Situational These are similar types of questions, these are used to see if you would do the right thing during a situations e.g. the interviewer may ask what would you do if you saw someone stealing? this would be an ideal question as this person would be working in Tescos werestealing is quite common and the applicants answer should be something like I would inform security instead of look something like I would ignore it which would send the wrong message out to the interviewer.The manager has to consider how personal information such as criminal records could be checked he/she could either directly ask the applicant during the interview , check the applicants CV before the interview and/or check with the criminal records bureau to ratify any spent convictions.The manager of Tescos will also have to make sure the interviewer or himself make use of good body language, this means using the right tone of voice and not being rude, this makes the applicant feel welcomed and feel he/she is an ideal environment rather than in an environment where he/she is under pressure. At the same time the manager has to make sure that the interviewer listens to the applicant, it is alship canal important to ask the applicant if he/she has anything to say rather than oddment the interview with a goodbye. Furthermore, the interview is about the applicant not the interviewer, so, the applicant should be speaking more than the interviewer, and about 80% of the interview should be the applicant speaking.Analysis and summarisation of information gathered in the interview is vital as it is needed during short listing candidates, there are s everal ways in which the interviewer can gather information, firstly via a tape recorder, and this does not waste the interviewers time as he/she doesnt have to write much down. Secondly, the interviewer her/himself can simply use a pen and paper to gather information during the interview, however, this is time consuming and all information may not be complete and finally, there could be two interviewers, on asking questions and the other gathering and analysing information, this is a good idea as this system also makes sure discrimination doesnt take place.

Strategies to Detect Neutrinos

Strategies to Detect NeutrinosThomas KayllWhat are Neutrinos and how do we detect themA neutrino () is a subatomic particle from the lepton family with a lepton turning of +1, a charge of 0 and a spin of . There are three flavours of neutrino the muon Neutrino, Tau Neutrino and the Electron Neutrino1. Neutrinos rarely interact with matter because they are so small and come no charge and are overly non affected by the strong nuclear force. So the only way a neutrino can interact with matter is through the weak nuclear force. Neutrinos are rough coulomb,000 times smaller than electrons but there are so many another(prenominal) neutrinos being emitted into the universe that even with their incredibly small mass they outweigh the amount of matter in the universe9. augur 1Neutrinos were hypothesised in 1930 by Wolfgang Pauli8, he theorised that another particle mustiness be emitted in beta decay other than the electron as not all the energy from the decay carried by the electron s o Pauli suggested that another particle was emitted and was carrying the rest of the energy given rack up. It was expected that the electron would carry all the energy but this is not what was institute. The legality of conservation of energy states that Energy cant be created or destroyed, but it can be changed into a diametrical form, also that in a closed system it cannot be lost.The red line represents the energy the electron should have if none was shared from the beta decay of carbon 14 and the sober line represents the actual energy of the electrons.The first muckle to detect the neutrino were Reines and Cowan. They did this by using the prediction the nuclear reactors were meant to produce highschool amounts of neutrino fluxes. When one of the antineutrinos collides with a proton a neutron and a positron are given saturnine6.These positrons and soce collide with electrons and annihilate via pair-annihilation. When this happens two da Gamma rays are produced as radi ation in opposite direction.Figure 8Reines and Cowan soon realized that detecting the gamma bursts wasnt enough evidence to categorically say they had found neutrinos. So they admited to detect the neutron given off as well. Reines and Cowan solidifying up a crude investigate where they constructed a tank of water and lined it with a scintillating material to detect the gamma radiation. A scintillating material is a material that fluoresces when hit by a photon or a charged particle. This is then(prenominal) picked up and amplified by photomultiplier tubes. They also put cadmium into the tank cadmium absorbed the neutrons given off in the reaction between the antineutrino and the proton and becomes an exited form of cadmium witch give off gamma radiation1.1.Figure 9The gamma rays form the exited cadmium were detected 5X10-6 seconds after the positron electron annihilation. This gave enough evidence to prove that neutrinos did exist. Reines and Cowan repeated the try out in a d ifferent location with better cosmic ray shielding. Cosmic rays comprise of very high energy particles such as high energy photons, these particles can interfere with very sensitive electronics used in the experiments and can create false readings. Form this they got more reliable results1.1.In a reaction the baryon number, lepton number and the strangeness must stay the same. So in beta decay where an electron is given off an anti lepton must be released to make the lepton number 0 again.I am going to be looking at how the Super-Kamiokandeis able to detect neutrinos. The Super-Kamiokandeis a large experiment where 50,000 tonnes2 of ultra pure water is held in a stainless steel spherical tank covered in 11,146 photomultiplier tubes all of this is located in a old mine 1,000 meters ohmic resistance to stop cosmic ray interference. To be detected, a neutrino would interact with a H2O molecule and would cause an Electron to be discharged and this would be travelling quicker than the reanimate of light in water causing Cherenkov radiation to be emitted. Cherenkov radiation is emitted when a particle travels faster than the maximum velocity of a photon in that medium. This radiation produces a ring of light which is detected by the photomultiplier tubes witch amplify the signal, using this we can account where the neutrino interacted and what flavour of neutrino it was3.Photomultiplier tubes are needed as they are able to amplify the signal by rough one hundred million times. When a photon from the Cherenkov radiation hits the photocathode then a photoelectron is released vie the photoelectric issuing , this is then attracted to the first dynode with a pd of approximately 100V this electron gains kinetic energy and then hits the dynode liberating more electrons (typically 3-4) then these are attracted to the next electrode with a pd of 100V and a charge of 200eV and the same happens again until there is a strong enough signal and the electrons hit the anode a nd then the detected signal is sent off to the computer4.For each electron liberated on the dynodes the energy isThe 100eV the electron carries is enough to liberate around 4 new electrons on the next dynode.With some(a) electrons not hitting the dynodes and some not liberating exactly 4 new electrons then the figure that the signal is amplified by 100 million times and that (3-4) electrons are liberated by on electron make are correct.From research it seems that the dynodes have a work function () of around 5eV this means that about 80eV is lost when the electron hits the surface of the material.Figure 5This Is the Super-Kamiokande form the inside. Each dot is a photomultiplier tube, and there are two people checking them on the surface of the water in a dingy.The first recorded instance of an observation of a neutrino was in 1970 on the 13 of November. The event was detect when a neutrino collided with a proton and created a mu-meson (muon) and a pi+-meson (pion). A pi+-meson is a particle which consists of a quark and an anti-quark. A pi+-meson consists of an up quark and an anti down quark. A muon is a member of the lepton family in the standard model. This all occurred in a hydrogen bubble chamber. A bubble chamber is a vessel that holds super heated liquid (in this case hydrogen) it is used to detect charged particles that enter it. It is able to crate observations of these particles as when a charged particle passes through the chamber it causes an ionisation path which causes the surrounding liquid to vaporise and form bubbles which size are proportional to the circumstantial particles energy loss. This is all captured by cameras which can produce a picture of the event5.Figure 6This is the original picture of the collisionThis is an annotated picture showing the paths of the colliding particles. Muon (), proton (p), neutrino () and the pion (+). When the neutrino and the proton collide the proton moves to the left. The neutrino is turned into a muon which keeps going forwards and the pion is created from the collision5.The annotation to the right shows what is happening at the sub atomic take with quarks.In 2011 the OPERA experiment conducted which came across the odd results that neutrinos were travelling faster than the speed of light. The results were declared as anomalous as anything going faster than the speed of light in a vacuum is considered to go against special relativity. The scientists conducting the experiment set investigations into why they got the results they did. From these investigations it was found the there were two faults in how the experiment was set up. One was that a fibre optic cable was improperly connected and that a clock oscillator was set to fast. Taking both of these errors into account meant the reading were not actually faster than the speed of light.In 2012 it was reported that the speeds of neutrinos are the same as the speed of light. This information was gathered by numerous different sc ientific groups including OPERA.There are many different stems of neutrinos such gamma ray bursts, supernovas, neutron stars, nuclear fission and cosmic rays. Neutrinos are defiantly not rare with potentially about 100,000 billion passing through your body every second. All of these sources are some of the most energetic/violent processes in the universe. The main source of our neutrinos that are detected by places like ice cube and Super-Kamiokande is the sun through its nuclear fission which gives off many neutrinos.Here you can so that a neutrino and a positron are emitted when two H1 atoms collide and coalesce to form a H2 atom.Ice cube is another neutrino detector in the southernmost Pole that uses the same idea as the super-Kamiokande in that it detects the gamma rays from when a neutrino collides with a water molecule. Ice cube is a hexagon that is around 2,450 meters deep and has 86 lines of sensors with 60 sensors on each line so a total of 5,160 sensors.ConclusionFrom my research into what neutrinos are and how we can detect them I have found out the fundamental nature of neutrinos and how we are able to detect something that rarely interacts with matter. I have learnt that neutrinos are harder to detect than I had imagined and that there are different methods such as detecting the Cherenkov radiation from the neutrinos colliding with water molecules or by seeing their ionising path in a bubble chamber. I have also found out some of the reasons behind why neutrinos are so hard to detect in the first place, for example that neutrinos are extremely small, have very low mass, are not charged and only really interact through the weak nuclear force. Over all, neutrinos are very knotty and one of the weirder particles that we have discovered and there is still a lot we do not know about them.BibliographyDate accessed 23/11/20141 universal resource locator http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/lepton.html uniform resource locator http//hype rphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/cowan.htmlHyper physics is a reliable website source because it is hosted by the physics and astronomy department at Georgia state university and has professors who teach the subjects arousal also it should be non biased as there is no gain for it providing false information. Hyper physics states that their second experiment at Savannah River Plantwas 12 meters underground and states the cross-section of the reaction to be 6X10-44 and the same figures are say http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowan%E2%80%93Reines_neutrino_experimentDate accessed 23/11/2014 uniform resource locator http//physics demesne.com/cws/article/news/1998/jun/05/super-kamiokande-finds-neutrino-massPhysics world is a website that discoveres the new and old physics topics and has many different topics that it has published. It is a reliable source as it is backed by some very thinkable companies, such as Angstrom Sciences and Moxtek Inc. It also has scientist informing and righting as well which further proves the dependableness of the website.Date accessed 21/11/2014URL http//www.princeton.edu/achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Super-Kamiokande.htmlPrinceton.edu states that the page is sourced from WikipediaURL http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-Kamiokande. it is reliable as Princeton university would not be publishing wrong information on their site as that would be bad for them so that gives this information some credibility. Also physics world URLhttp//physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/1998/jun/05/super-kamiokande-finds-neutrino-mass states that the super-Kamiokande is 1000m underground and holds 50,000 tonnes of water which is the same as on the Princeton page this back up the reliability of the data.Date accessed 23/11/2014URL http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhotomultiplierThe data that I found on Wikipedia on photomultiplier tubes was backed up from the equations I used to try and appraisal the number of electrons hitting the anode, which gave similar fi gures to my calculations. Also the theory behind how photomultipliers work was the same as explained in http//micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/digitalimaging/concepts/photomultipliers.htmlthis website also stated gains around 100 million which is my calculated and Wikipedias stated value. All this shows that it is a reliable source.Date accessed 26/11/2014URL http//abyss.uoregon.edu/js/ast123/lectures/lec22.htmlThis is an educational site from the University of Oregon who should not be biased as they have no reason to put incorrect information on their website as it would have a negative effect on them and they wouldnt gain anything. It is reliable as it is written by scientists. The date stated on the page November the 13th 1970 is the same as stated on http//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/FileFirstNeutrinoEventAnnotated.jpg.Date accessed 26/11/2014URL http//t2k-experiment.org/neutrinos/a-brief-history/T2k is a website dedicated to neutrinos. The website is primarily about news in the field and the t2k experiment of neutrino oscillation. It is a reliable source as it is written by professionals. the positron annihilates with an electron to create two gamma rays this statement says the same thing as http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/lepton.html says on the topic.Date accessed 30/11/2014URL http//icecube.wisc.edu/science/depthIce cube is a website dedicated to the ice cube particle detector in the south-pole that is trying to detect neutrinos and more. Its primary funding source is the national science foundation, this is a US government organisation that funds and conducts many different projects. Their aim is to keep US science at the forefront of the world in discovery. The web site ice cube should be reliable as it has major(ip) government input and would not gain anything from false publication. On ice cube it states that the detector has 5,160 detectors this is the same at http//phys.org/news/2013-11-world-largest-particle-detector-icecube.html. Phys is a large physics news blog with articles written by universities and scientists so it is a reliable website as it is written by people who have extensive knowledge in what they write.Advanced Physics, Steve Adams, Jonathan Allday/oxford university press/November 2nd 2000, p416Advanced physics is a hand published by oxford university press. It is reliable because Oxford University is a highly regarded university that would get a negative publicity if what they published was incorrect. Oxford should not be biased as it doesnt have any largeCompanies or influential people pressuring them to publish false information.Neutrino, Frank Close/oxford university press/ February 23rd 2012, p2The book neutrino talks about what neutrinos are and how we detect them, their history, their discovery, their sources and many different topics related to them. The point of the book is to inform and educate people on neutrinos. Professor Frank Close the author is a professor at Oxford University this shows he knows what he is talking about and that the book is reliable as he is a regarded physicist. Oxford press is a reliable publisher as I have stated in abduce 8.FiguresDate accessed 23/11/2014 URLhttp//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles.svg/2000px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles.svg.pngDate accessed 26/11/2014URL http//t2k-experiment.org/neutrinos/a-brief-history/Date accessed 23/11/2014URL http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/lepton.htmlDate accessed 23/11/2014URL http//www.ocr.org.uk/Images/165501-unit-g495-advance-notice-june-2014.pdfDate accessed 21/11/2014 URLhttps//www.google.co.uk/url?sa=irct=jq=esrc=ssource=imagescd=cad=rjauact=8ved=0CAUQjhwurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpprc.qmul.ac.uk%2Fstill%2Fwordpress%2F%3Fpage_id%3D138ei=iSBnVK2IG5XWaqubgfAJbvm=bv.79142246,d.d2spsig=AFQjCNH_tc4ZUVMJfiVeSgUvb3ba_uDsqADate accessed 26/11/2014 URLhttps//www.windows2universe.org/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/N eutrinos/neutrino_picture_big.gifDate accessed 26/11/2014URLhttp//abyss.uoregon.edu/js/ast123/lectures/lec22.htmlDate accessed 23/11/2014URLhttp//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/cowan.htmlDate accessed 23/11/2014URLhttp//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/cowan.html

Ethical Concepts in the Provision of Nursing Care

Ethical Concepts in the Provision of get by for CareThe breast feeding process is more than a method that blows use to diagnose and treat actual and authorization wellness problems. The Ameri potty Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Nursing Practice provides a basis for practice and recognition of the patient in addition, nurses also must adhere to the professions ethical code as well. Nurses are committed to respect valet de chambre beings with an unbiased approach of do to differences socially, economically, culturally, racially, and other human attributes (Saucier, 2005, p. 80). It is the responsibility of the professional nurse to engrain ethics as an essential part of the foundation of nursing. The International Council for Nurses (ICN) identifies that the wish for nursing is universal and that nurses fix four fundamental responsibilities to promote health, prevent illness, restore health, and alleviate suffering (Tomey, 2004, p. 75). From the beginning of nursing F lorence Nightingale stated it so eloquently in the original Nightingale PledgeI will do all in my power to maintain and elevate the standard of my profession and will hold in confidence all somebody(prenominal) matters committed to my keeping and all family affairs coming to my knowledge in the practice of my life history (Nightingale, 1893, para. 1)Ethical issues that are challenging for nurses in everyday practice and nurses continue to find it difficult to practice with moral integrity and as moral agents abandoned the many difficult ethical challenges they encounter in the healthcare system.ConfidentialityThe Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) was originally created to en sure as shooting the privacy of individuals and it holds those individuals accountable that magnate acquire sensitive information in regards to medical records (Garrett, Baillie, Garrett, 2010, p. 117). However, there are also some gray areas where a nurse is often not sure whether the information that is being handed out is acceptable, or whether the person that is asking for the information is authorized to have it. When these kinds of situations take place, confusion can arise and it can make it difficult for nurses to do the job properly without fear of retaliation. Not only is confidentiality an ethical issue, but a wakeless requirement.In chapter five, Principles of Confidentiality and Truthfulness, the terms covenant and secrets was used. Having the understanding and knowing the difference between the types of secrets and an awareness of harm or possible harm to the patient, family, or profession is key. This information is directly related to the Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice, Standard 12. moral philosophy, The registered nurse integrates ethical provisions in all areas of practice. The measurement criteria for the registered nurse state Maintains patient confidentiality within legal and regulatory parameters, maintains a therapeu tic and professional patient-nurse relationship with appropriate professional boundaries, and uses Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements to guide practice (American Nurses Association ANA, 2004, p. 39). Specifically, ethic 3.2 Confidentiality, that is encompassed in the standard that states the nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient (American Nurses Association ANA, 2001, p. 12). Trust and well-being of the patient are key in the area of confidentiality keeping in mind, that when working within a multi-disciplinary team, the nurse must only share relevant information on a need to know bases.As an example, the sine qua non room nurses cousin was admitted to the emergency room during the shift at the hospital. He is in critical condition. The nurses mother is very concerned about him, but she has not been able to r each(prenominal) the nurses auntie and uncle. The nurse is aware of the cousins condition. W ith the standards and ethics does she tell her mom? No, this is probably the hardest of situations, but the nurse must not tell. She must not even let on that she has any information. Instead, encourage her mother to keep calling your aunt. The nurse might even see if her aunt is at the hospital and arrange for her to call mom. crimson doctors can only release information to the immediate family-in this case, the cousins parents. It is up to the aunt and uncle to inform the rest of the family. That way, they can determine how much information family members should have.Maintaining confidentiality is an important prognosis of professional behavior. It is essential that a nurse safeguard the patients right to privacy by carefully protecting information of a sensitive, private nature. Sharing personal information or gossiping about others violates nursing ethical codes and practice standards. It sends a message that the nurse cannot be trusted and damages interpersonal relationships. certified combineNurses are obligated to tell all patients, regardless of whether or not they are capable or incapable of giving consent, about the care or treatments in the lead it is given. Nurses are obligated to assist patients understand the nature of their health problems and assist them to receive the information and support they need to make apprised decisions. A key principle studied in chapter two, Principles of Autonomy and certain Consent, that all medical care requires the consent of the patient (or someone who is authorized to consent for the patient) before the care plan is carried out. An assumption is made that certified consent recognizes that a patient needs to know about a procedure, surgery, or treatment, before they decide to have it. Standard 14.Resource Utilization in the ANA Scope and Standards of Practice explicitly denotes that nurses should assists the patient and family in becoming informed consumers about options, costs, risks, and benefits of tre atment and care. Informed consent may have a multitude of legal ramifications, but its core and most controversial function lies in the idea of patients actually move in medical decision making. It may be at this point that the physician (or autonomist) and the nurse most tend to butt heads. Fortunately for nurses there is Ethics Code 1.4. The concept of informed consent is fundamental to the delivery of health care. The nurses responsibility is vital in ensuring that patients are fully informed and understand their options each nurse has an obligation to be knowledgeable about the moral and legal rights of all patients to self-determination (ANA, 2001, p. 8). Informed consent is more than just signing a paper, is specific patient right.An example case of a patient with angina who was considered for a coronary bypass surgery demonstrates the issue of informed consent. Ethical and legal aspects of achieving consent must be considered. Physicians may have personal biases, which may l ead to coerced consent, or may overwhelm the patient with information on potential complications of a proposed procedure. Patient preconceived notion or misinformation may lead to misunderstood consent. The patients request to put back the decision to the physician raises the question of whether such(prenominal) requested paternalism violates patient self-determination and invalidates consent or is it an exercise of the patients right to have his physician decides (Garrett et al., 2010, p. 32)?Quality and safetyProviding basic nursing care for the individual patient is an important nursing value supported by professional mandates and by codes of nursing ethics. Referring again to Standard 14.Resouce Utilization that states, the registered nurse considers factors related to safety, effectiveness, cost, and carry on on practice in the planning and delivery of nursing services (ANA, 2004, p. 42). It is easy to tie the concept directly from the ANA standards of performance to the nursi ng code of ethics 8 that states the nursing profession is committed to promoting health, welfare, and safety of all people (ANA, 2001, p. 23). In reading from chapter six, there was discussion that reference care can be achieved by high tech equipment, credentialing, licensing, skill, knowledge, and protocols however, a key point in judging feel stated professions lead the effort to enhance and protect quality in the professions (Garrett et al., 2010, p. 134). If employment conditions, agency regulations, or hospital policies create undesirable working conditions that limit the quality of nursing care that can be provided, nurses stupefy concerned. Since nurses value quality of patient care, they also value those conditions that allow quality patient care.When nurses attempt to balance the value of quality of patient care with issues involving their quality of life the action of a possible strike may come into question. While the nurses value being able to guarantee high quality care they may realize in the short term many patients may not receive the highest of quality care while a strike is in effect. When putting ethical decisions first, nurses should work through their professional organizations and promote positive mechanisms for negotiations with employers. If nurses can gain responsibility for, and control over, the quality of care delivered, they will have gained great benefit for the health of the community.ConclusionIf not nurses, who will advocate for the chronically ill (both young and old), the under and uninsured, and the most vulnerable with complex health needs? Who will question the rightness or wrongness of aggressive care, technological advancements, and determinations of quality of life? Who will address patient concerns related to informed consent, surrogate decision-making, and the risks and benefits of treatment or research? And who will challenge ineffective or inefficient nursing, physician, and administrative leadership standards a nd styles that underestimate the significance of ethical problems on patient outcomes and nurse productivity and retention? These philosophical questions are at the core of our deeply held values and beliefs about who we are as a discipline. Without enough ethical knowledge and competence however, it is difficult to bring together nursing on central ethical concepts in the provision of nursing care. The nurse, as a patient advocate presents difficult challenges however, the key principles of ethics will allow all nurses to persevere in understanding the scope and limits of their professional responsibilities.

Analysis of Beyoncés Formation Video (Black Lives Matter)

Analysis of Beyoncs composition word-painting ( b ar Lives Matter)Beyoncs Formation Video ( dusky Lives Matter)A Literary Analysis Research PaperAbstractBeyonc is one of the singers most recognized in the world and United States of America. She assumed a political role since some events aroused against Afro-American People, related with racism and police venomousity. She created the musical exposure Formation to transmit a message to the people in favor of black lives matter.Keywords Beyonc, Video, dull Lives Matter, Illuminati, Creole, Alabama, Louisiana, Black Culture, RapperBeyonc launched in 2016 her album Lemonade, including one controversial breed, the number twelve in the list whose name is Formation. This rummy song is accompanied with an award winning, well-produced and elaborated motion-picture show, released on purpose, next to the birthday anniversary of Trayvon Martin and Sandra Bland, whose deaths are well remembered by Afro-American people as victims of brutal law enforcement and racism.Beyoncs Formation messages are about many much things than simple racism and police brutality. This song delivers messages about feminism, Creole culture, Beyonc pride, Black pride, Black forcefulness, sexism, LGBT, Hurricane Katrina rememberings, and Beyonc intention to dispel the rumor that she is an Illuminati.This video masterfully reveals to faces of Beyonc at the same time, as an Entertainer and an Activist. (Caramanica Wortham, 2016).All Formation messages could be classified in major and low messages. This writing only deals only with major messages, and minor will be ignored. The major messages are one of this two possibilities direct and explicit messages, or in the other hand are ambiguous, subliminal or hidden messages.This visual and musical work apparently deliver inconsistent sentences with multiple meanings, only if that panorama is irrelevant to the first time viewer, because the video is very rich on visuals and plays sticky rhythms that distracts him from the powerful hidden and subliminal messages. This video is holistically great, verified by its numerous well written articles and awards received.Under a rigorous and serious analysis, many messages emerge with multiple meanings. Specially two types of messages could be identified first, direct or non-ambiguous messages, and second, ambiguous messages with multiple or hidden meanings.Any person, not necessarily an expert will be able to recognize that the lyrics and visuals of this video were semantically engineered by a linguist or carefully designed by an expert on semiotics.Some messages are direct and non-ambiguous like The Hurricane Katrina aftermath, the Police signs, Beyonc pride, Black pride, Black power, Creole Culture, and the effort to dispel the rumor that Beyonc are an Illuminati.On the other hand, at that place are ambiguous messages delivered with multiple or hidden meanings about sexism and LGBT. Those messages out to the viewer to have mul tiple interpretations, but the final meaning decision is left free to the particular audience, their will, their virginal minds or the predominant psyche of the individual. either sentence has two interpretations the vulgar and the non-vulgar, the formal and the non-formal, the explicit and the implicit message.One of the first message delivered is about the Hurricane Katrina, when the video starts with a reenforcement phrase of a killed rapper, whose name was Messy Mya. The voice of the rapper expresses What happened at the New Wilins? (beyonceVEVO, 2016), then the video shows up many purviews related with New Orleans Katrina floodings.A vast the video are Police signs delivered with an apparent neutral connotation, but at the end they suggests indirectly a judgement to the collectively subconscious mind, who has been extensively influenced by the media with the events on police brutality.Beyonc is laying at the top of a New Orleans white and blue car, with the word police, parti ally submerged in the flooding water, sitting squatting, while the back scene displays a neighborhood with flooded houses. Some police departments may con slopered that scene disrespectful.In other scene, after a time of images of New Orleans daily living, the observer can see the word police at the back of a man that resembles a guard. Once again, the video attracts the mind of the viewer to the word police.It is unforgettable the scene when the young boy is dancing with a New Orleans Style, in front of an anti-riot line of policemen and they organise their hands, after that the camera shows a graffiti in the wall with the legend Stop Shooting Us (beyonceVEVO, 2016), this could be interpreted in many ways, but one of them, is the triumph of the weak using non-violent methods, over those that represent the governmental powerBy the end of the video, the police car got totally submerged chthonic the water, with Beyonc lying at the top, drowning, giving the impression that the poli ce problem is a lose-to-lose situation. This is confirmed by some critics affirmations that Beyonc is not trying to defame the police. (Logan, 2016).Black power is depicted when Beyonc shows up in an elegant long black dress with a big black hat, agitating his hand with a piece of his long hair in circles surrounded by Afro-American guys, also dressed in etiquette black clothes, at the door of an antebellum house, the image evoked in the mind of the viewer is about the power and the way that wealthy and powerful black people lives. The Black power is also depicted in the scene that shows a lonely black cowboy with a golden necklace.An explicit message occurs when Beyonc try to defeat the rumors affirming that she is an illuminati, using a unique phrase Yall haters unoriginal with that Illuminati mess (beyonceVEVO, 2016).The video exhibits some dual interpretations with sentences like this Paparazzi, catch my fly and my cocky fresh (beyonceVEVO, 2016). This message could be interpre ted as a internal reference or a pride reference. Also there are some explicit sexual references, like When he fuck me good, I contain his ass to Red Lobster, cause I slay (beyonceVEVO, 2016), and there are ambiguous, hidden or second meaning sexual references, when she said I got bouncy behave in my bag, swag (beyonceVEVO, 2016), this sentence has two simultaneous interpretations first as a reference to Creole culture in which women carries hot sauce in their purses, or a female sexual reference.The controversial word swag may be used in this video as a synonym of promotional items, stylish confidence, or with a sexual orientation reference, also this word correspond to a very well-known LGBT word that actor secretly we are gay.But the most incredible fact is that the word slay is mentioned 49 times along the video, probably, with the meaning of extraordinary or killer whale performance, but lets consider that is also a well-known urban sexual reference.Beyonc pride is eviden t when she expresses Im so reckless when I rock my Givenchy dress (beyonceVEVO, 2016), or Im so possessive so I rock his Roc necklaces (beyonceVEVO, 2016), or Earned all this money, but they never take the country out me (beyonceVEVO, 2016).It is unavoidable that The Black and Creole culture message earned a strong reference in this video, with direct and explicit sentences like this My daddy Alabama, momma Louisiana (beyonceVEVO, 2016), You mixed bag that Negro with that Creole, make a Texas bama (beyonceVEVO, 2016), I like my baby hair with baby hair and afros (beyonceVEVO, 2016), I like my Negro nose with Jackson quintuple nostrils (beyonceVEVO, 2016).There is a direct reference to feminism and women leadership when she says Okay, ladies, now lets get in formation (beyonceVEVO, 2016).In the second middle of the video there is a black man holding in his hand a newspaper named The Truth, whose cover story displays the phrase More than a Dreamer with the flick of Martin Luther Ki ng, suggesting that his Leadership was bigger than his famous discourse I have a Dream.The final conclusion is evident. Beyoncs Formation video direct and indirect messages are multiple and not only about simple racism and police brutality, but also was produced with the intention to reveal some paradoxical aspects of the southern living in the United States. This well acclaimed by the critics video was produced by professionals with the same intention as the Black Lives Matter movement, probably become his Anthem.WORKS CITEDbeyonceVEVO. (2016, declination 9). Beyonc Formation. Video File. Retrieved from https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDZJPJV__bQ.Caramanica, J. , Morris, J. and Wortham, J. (2016). Beyonc in Formation Entertainer, Activist, Both?. New York Times, Retrieved from https//www.nytimes.com/2016/02/07/arts/music/beyonce-formation-super-bowl-video.html?_r=0This is a critical review of Beyoncs Formation Video is made by three recognized critics, in the form of a dialog. The y suggest that Beyonc is an activist and at the same time she is an entertainer. This source is reliable because its currentness (2016), Relevance (Critical review), place (New York Times, Best recognize journalists), trueness (Content reliable and credible), and Purpose (the point of view appear objective and impartial).Logan, B. (2016). No, Beyonc is not bashing the police Heres what her new song Formation is really saying. Business Insider. Retrieved from http//www.businessinsider.com/the-messages-in-beyonces-formation-2016-2.This article corresponds to a review of Beyoncs Formation Video and clears out to the audience that Beyonc is not ridiculing the police. In the opposite side this video is a call for peace and an altruist apology to the black culture in America. This source is reliable because its Currency (2016), Relevance (Critical review), Authority (Business Insider, Recognized journalists), Accuracy (Content reliable and credible), and Purpose (the point of view appea r objective and impartial).Macpherson, A. (2016). Beyoncs Formation review a rallying cry that couldnt be more timely, The Guardian, Retrieved from https//www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2016/feb/08/beyonce-formation-review-super-bowl-rallying-cry-black-consciousnessThis article corresponds to a review of Beyoncs Formation Video that states that the world tour is timely deliveries. This source is reliable because its Currency (2016), Relevance (Critical review), Authority (The Guardian, Best Recognized journalists), Accuracy (Content reliable and credible), and Purpose (the point of view appear objective and impartial).Hoby, H. (2016) Beyonc Formation tour review defiant, victorious and glorious, The Guardian, Retrieved from https//www.theguardian.com/music/2016/apr/28/beyonce-formation-tour-review-defiant-victorious-and-glorious.This article corresponds to a review of Beyoncs Formation Video that states that this is the event of the year, masterfully produced. This source is reliable because its Currency (2016), Relevance (Critical review), Authority (The Guardian, Recognized journalists), Accuracy (Content reliable and credible

Half caste, Unrelated incidents, and Search for my tongue :: Comapre Three Poems

I will be discussing how the three poems Halfe Caste, Unrelatedincidents, and search for my dialect do not use regulation side of meat. Iwill be exploring the poets motivation and discussing how the poetsdeviate from standard English.In the poem Search for my tongue the poet Sujata Bhatt uses thelanguage Gujarat. Using an alternative language much(prenominal) as (Gujarat) hasan effect in ways that it shows how Sujata Bhatt had went fromspeaking English to Gujarat and back to English. It has an effectshowing how she has two tongues in her mouth, one the English tongue,and the other tongue being the foreign tongue. Sujatas English tongueis talking however overnight her Gujarat tongue has taken over in herdreams. Then in the morning her English tongue comes back like aflower growing, the bud opens, the bud opens in my mouth, it pushesthe other tongue aside.In the poem Unrelated incidents is a newsman from the BBC talking.From the way the words are spelt we can gather that the repor ter isScottish, this is thi six a clock thi man said n thi reason a talkwia BBC accent iz coz yi widny wahnt mi ti talk about thi trooth.Also in this poem is hardly any standard English at all. It is effective in ways that we get ideas of what the character is like. Weknow how the reporter is feeling. He doesnt sound to happy this isthi six a clock nyooz. belt up. Where as if it was said, This is thesix a clock news. Belt up, it would have no expression to the way thereporter is actually feeling and this is why it would be check not tohave used standard English.In the poem Halfe Caste the poet John Agard is talking about how heonly half person. He says he is Half white, and Half black. We wouldhave no idea of how the character would behave or speak, half white orhalf black. Judging from the way he talks, well in dat case englandweather nearly always half caste in fact some o dem cloud half caste

Church and Religion in the Songs of Innocence and Experience Essay

Church and Religion in the Songs of Innocence and ExperienceThroughout Innocence and Experience, many another(prenominal) poems incorporatereligious views and imagery. Blake presents many contradicting viewson the Church and godliness, the note being particularly clearbetween Innocence and Experience.Within the Songs of Innocence a child-like portrayal of Church andreligion is portrayed. Throughout Innocence there atomic number 18 manyreferences to The Lamb representing Jesus Christ who was theSacrificial Lamb, as shown in the poem The Lamb. Another commonimage of religion used by Blake is that of religion as the Shepherd,the Shepherd is watchful and ever so watching over his sheep,protecting them, Blake is showing religion as being ever-present andconstantly present. This is a actually child-like and partial view ofChrist. Religion is portrayed in a child like manner, as is Christ inthe poem On Anothers Sorrow, Christ is portrayed as giving hisjoy to all as he is embodied both within an infant small and menof woe. Also in On Anothers Sorrow, religion is seen as immanent,as immortal gives to us his joy. A simple view is portrayed one that Godis ever present and is there within everyone. Images of the Church andreligion ar juxtaposed to images of joy, fun and laughter, showingthe simple view of religion portrayed. This view is extended in TheDivine Image in which the balanced structure continues the child-likeview of religion. The image that God is present within everyone isalso shown in The Divine Image is that God is ever-present withineveryone. In The Chimney Sweeper, religion is used to help thechimney sweeps get through their arduous days, and the vision ofChrist helped h... ...are shown as walk around inblack gowns and binding briars with his joys and desires thorns,representing the Church and religion, were restricting his life, andjoy was prohibited. Within The Human Abstract religion is referredto as the dismal shade of mystery, and the priest s are the ravenswhich have made their nests in the thickest shade. A negativeimage of the Church is explored, as the Church is shading people fromthe light.The theme of religion is one primeval to both The Songs of Innocenceand the Songs of Experience as a result of this, Blake could be seenas primarily a religious poet. Although the theme is ongoing, withinExperience many other themes are also explored, showing that Blake,although concentrating primarily on religion, did explore other themesrelevant to everyday and the current state of living.

Gender Inequalities in Access to Schooling in Pakistan Essay -- Girls

Education is a precious thing that holds the future for all young humanity beings. It allows us to learn, to grow, and to become functional and responsible citizens of society and the competitive world. Without procreation, people will non be open to do the things that they want to in the future in order to advance their dreams to improve their lives and society. They will not be able to learn new things, new ideas, and new skills in order to advance the stages of human growth and development. They will be barricaded behind the barriers of ignorance, isolation, and despair. While students in the industrialized developed world have the right and ability to go to instruct and learn without barriers, it is not the same for the rest of the countries that are categorized as part of the developing world. Girls in developing countries such as Pakistan, do not have the full access and ability to go to school and are facing cultural, political, and economic barriers that are in hibiting the ability of these kids from entering school. The Pakistani government should restoration responsibility in solving the countrys education crisis by reforming its education system to make it accessible for Pakistani girls who are not able to go school. Girls represent a strong majority of those who cant go to school. According to an article by Omar Waraich from Time Magazine, Mosharraf Zaidi, the campaign director of an education advocacy group called Alif Ailaan, stated that 61% of the 25 million Pakistani children who cant go to school are girls. Cultural barriers of male-dominated patriarchy, inherited from the era of British colonialism and traditional Indian culture as according to Latif, are one of the factors that prevent girls from going to sch... ...? Education Economics 17.3 (2009) 329-54. Web. 9Dec.2013. Callum, Christine, Zeba Sathar, and Minhaj ul Haque. Is Mobility the Missing Link in astir(p) Girls Schooling in Pakistan? Asian Population Studies 8.1 (201 2) 5-22. Web. 9Dec.2013. Ghuman, Sharon, and Cynthia Lloyd. Teacher Absence as a Factor in Gender Inequalities in Access to essential Schooling in Rural Pakistan. Comparative Education Review 54.4 (2010) 539-54. Web. 9Dec.2013. Kingston, Anne. Teen Idol. Macleans 126.48 (2013) 65-6. Web. 9Dec.2013. Latif, Amna. A Critical Analysis of School Enrollment and Literacy order of Girls and Women in Pakistan. Educational Studies 45.5 (2009) 424-39. Web. 9Dec.2013. Waraich, Omar. There Are Thousands of Malalas What Pakistans Teenage Activist Has Already Won. TIME.com. Time Magazine, 11Oct.2013. Web. 9Dec.2013.